Interaction of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with advanced fibrosis in the death and intubation of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019.

Patients with pre-existing liver diseases are considered to have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from any type of infection, including viruses. The aim of this work was to explore the implications of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) definitions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to study the interaction between advanced fibrosis (AF) and each of these diseases in the death and intubation of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We performed a retrospective study with 359 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 infection in a tertiary referral hospital who were admitted between April and June 2020. A multivariate Cox model was performed regarding the interaction of AF with MAFLD and NAFLD in the mortality and intubation of patients with COVID-19. The death rate was statistically significantly higher in the MAFLD group compared to the control group (55% vs. 38.3%, p = 0.02). No significant difference was seen in the death rate between the NAFLD and control group. The MAFLD (44.09% vs. 20%, p = 0.001) and NAFLD (40.51% vs. 20%, p = 0.01) groups had statistically significantly higher intubation rates than the control group. A statistically significant interaction between NAFLD and AF was associated with an increase in mortality (p = 0.01), while a statistically significant interaction between MAFLD and AF was associated with an increased risk of mortality (p = 0.006) and intubation (p = 0.049). In the case of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, our results indicate that the death rate was higher in the MAFLD group but not the NAFLD group compared to that in the control group. The intubation rates were higher in the NAFLD and MAFLD groups compared to rates in the control group, suggesting that both could be associated with COVID-19 severity. In addition, we found interactions between AF with MAFLD and NAFLD.

Epidemiology of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a tertiary care hospital.

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19, caused by the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has overwhelmed the world's health systems. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients treated in a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with or suspected of having COVID-19 from March 23 to July 31, 2020 was conducted. RESULTS: 4,401 patients were hospitalized at Central Military Hospital, out of which 35 % were beneficiaries, 26 % civilians, 28 % active military personnel, and only 11 %, retired military personnel. Male gender predominated, both in hospitalized patients and in those who died, as well as the O+ group and absence of comorbidities; among the observed comorbidities, the main ones were overweight and diabetes. Hospitalized patients' median age was 49 years, while median age of those who died was 62 years; women older than 51 years had a higher risk of dying. Adjusted case fatality rate was 18.5 %; 50 % died within the first six days. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the epidemiological characteristics and main comorbidities in Mexican patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified.

INTRODUCCIÓN: COVID-19, causada por el betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2, ha saturado los sistemas de salud del mundo. OBJETIVO: Describir las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes atendidos en un hospital de tercer nivel. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes con diagnóstico o sospecha de COVID-19, del 23 de marzo al 31 de julio de 2020. RESULTADOS: En el Hospital Central Militar se hospitalizaron 4401 pacientes, 35 % derechohabientes, 26 % civiles, 28 % militares en activo y solo 11 %, militares retirados. Predominó el sexo masculino, tanto en los pacientes hospitalizados como en los que fallecieron, el grupo O+ y la ausencia de comorbilidades; entre las comorbilidades que se observaron, las principales fueron el sobrepeso y la diabetes. La mediana de edad de los pacientes hospitalizados fue de 49 años, mientras que 62 años fue la edad de quienes fallecieron; las mujeres mayores de 51 años tuvieron mayor riesgo de fallecer. La tasa de letalidad ajustada fue de 18.5 %; 50 % falleció durante los primeros seis días. CONCLUSIONES: En este estudio se lograron identificar las características epidemiológicas y se destacaron las principales comorbilidades en pacientes mexicanos con infección por SARS-CoV-2.